What medications cause gynecomastia?
Quick Answer
Several common medications can cause or worsen gynecomastia by affecting the balance of oestrogen and testosterone. The most frequently linked drugs include spironolactone, finasteride, certain antipsychotics, proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, some antidepressants, anabolic steroids, and medications used in prostate cancer treatment. If you suspect a medication is causing your gynecomastia, do not stop it without speaking to the prescribing doctor first.
🩺 Medically reviewed by Dr. Harikiran Chekuri · Reviewed Jul 2026
At a glance
Confirmed high risk:
- Spironolactone (heart/blood pressure)
- Anti-androgens such as bicalutamide and flutamide (prostate cancer)
- GnRH agonists (prostate cancer)
- Anabolic steroids and testosterone
- Oestrogen-containing medications
Moderate risk:
- Finasteride (hair loss / prostate)
- Some antipsychotics (risperidone, haloperidol)
- Omeprazole and PPIs (long-term use)
- Digoxin (heart)
- Methadone and opioids
Why medications cause gynecomastia
The breast gland in men responds to oestrogen. Any drug that raises oestrogen levels, mimics oestrogen, lowers testosterone, or blocks testosterone action can tilt this balance toward gland growth. Spironolactone – widely used for heart failure and high blood pressure – is probably the most common drug-related cause of gynecomastia in adult men. Anabolic steroids are another significant cause: the body converts excess testosterone into oestrogen via the aromatase enzyme.
What to do if you suspect your medication
Check the medication prescribing information or ask your pharmacist. If gynecomastia is listed as a side effect, your next conversation is with the prescribing doctor. Never stop a heart medication, psychiatric medication, or cancer treatment without medical guidance.
Does drug-induced gynecomastia resolve when you stop the medication?
Sometimes, if caught early. Once the glandular tissue has matured and fibrosed – which typically happens within 6-12 months – stopping the drug will prevent it getting worse but will not reverse the existing gland. At that point, surgery is needed if correction is desired.
âš Safety note: Never stop a prescribed medication without speaking to your doctor, even if you believe it is causing gynecomastia. Many of the drugs on this list treat serious conditions.
Sources
- Deepinder F, Braunstein GD. Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2012.
- Narula HS, Carlson HE. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2014.
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Book a consultationThis content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Medically reviewed by Dr. Harikiran Chekuri.