What is gland excision for gynecomastia?
Quick Answer
Gland excision — also called subcutaneous mastectomy — is the surgical removal of the firm disc of breast glandular tissue that causes gynecomastia. The surgeon makes a small semicircular incision at the lower edge of the areola, lifts the nipple-areola complex, and directly removes the gland. It is typically performed under general anaesthesia and takes 45–90 minutes depending on grade. In most cases it is combined with liposuction of the surrounding chest fat in one procedure.
🩺 Medically reviewed by Dr. Harikiran Chekuri · Reviewed Jul 2026
At a glance
- Also called: subcutaneous mastectomy, glandulectomy, male breast reduction
- Incision: small semicircle at the lower edge of the areola — heals as a fine line
- Anaesthesia: general anaesthesia in most cases
- Duration: 45–90 minutes for Grade I–II; longer for Grade III–IV
- Usually combined with liposuction in one sitting
- Day procedure: most patients go home the same day
What happens during the procedure
Liposuction of the surrounding fat is performed first, deflating the tissue and clarifying the glandular disc. A small semicircular incision is made along the lower border of the areola — chosen deliberately for minimal visible scarring. The surgeon lifts the nipple-areola complex and carefully dissects the disc from overlying skin and underlying chest muscle, leaving a small amount of tissue immediately beneath the nipple to prevent inversion. The disc is removed and sent for pathological review.
Grade-by-grade differences
Grade I and IIa: small incision, short operating time, patient goes home within hours. Grade IIb and III: larger excision, may need additional liposuction for smooth contour. Grade IV: skin excision may be required alongside gland removal, leaving a more visible scar but achieving a flat chest.
Recovery
Compression vest worn immediately and for 4–6 weeks. Desk work from day 7–10. Heavy lifting restricted for 6 weeks. Final contour visible at 3–6 months.
⚠ Safety note: Gland excision is a surgical procedure under general anaesthesia. Risks include bleeding, infection, nipple numbness, and scarring — rare in experienced hands but must be discussed at your consultation.
Sources
- Rohrich RJ et al. Classification and management of gynecomastia. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2003.
- Innocenti A et al. Aesthetic results in gynecomastia correction. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2016.
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